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home/karenpetzb/library/Zend/Db/Statement/Oracle.php000060400000040534150714004520016414 0ustar00<?php
/**
 * Zend Framework
 *
 * LICENSE
 *
 * This source file is subject to the new BSD license that is bundled
 * with this package in the file LICENSE.txt.
 * It is also available through the world-wide-web at this URL:
 * http://framework.zend.com/license/new-bsd
 * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to
 * obtain it through the world-wide-web, please send an email
 * to license@zend.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
 *
 * @category   Zend
 * @package    Zend_Db
 * @subpackage Statement
 * @copyright  Copyright (c) 2005-2008 Zend Technologies USA Inc. (http://www.zend.com)
 * @license    http://framework.zend.com/license/new-bsd     New BSD License
 */

/**
 * @see Zend_Db_Statement
 */
require_once 'Zend/Db/Statement.php';

/**
 * Extends for Oracle.
 *
 * @category   Zend
 * @package    Zend_Db
 * @subpackage Statement
 * @copyright  Copyright (c) 2005-2008 Zend Technologies USA Inc. (http://www.zend.com)
 * @license    http://framework.zend.com/license/new-bsd     New BSD License
 */
class Zend_Db_Statement_Oracle extends Zend_Db_Statement
{

    /**
     * The connection_stmt object.
     */
    protected $_stmt;

    /**
     * Column names.
     */
    protected $_keys;

    /**
     * Fetched result values.
     */
    protected $_values;

    /**
     * Check if LOB field are returned as string
     * instead of OCI-Lob object
     *
     * @var boolean
     */
    protected $_lobAsString = false;

    /**
     * Activate/deactivate return of LOB as string
     *
     * @param string $lob_as_string
     * @return Zend_Db_Statement_Oracle
     */
    public function setLobAsString($lob_as_string)
    {
        $this->_lobAsString = (bool) $lob_as_string;
        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Return whether or not LOB are returned as string
     *
     * @return boolean
     */
    public function getLobAsString()
    {
        return $this->_lobAsString;
    }

    /**
     * Prepares statement handle
     *
     * @param string $sql
     * @return void
     * @throws Zend_Db_Statement_Oracle_Exception
     */
    protected function _prepare($sql)
    {
        $connection = $this->_adapter->getConnection();
        $this->_stmt = oci_parse($connection, $sql);
        if (!$this->_stmt) {
            /**
             * @see Zend_Db_Statement_Oracle_Exception
             */
            require_once 'Zend/Db/Statement/Oracle/Exception.php';
            throw new Zend_Db_Statement_Oracle_Exception(oci_error($connection));
        }
    }

    /**
     * Binds a parameter to the specified variable name.
     *
     * @param mixed $parameter Name the parameter, either integer or string.
     * @param mixed $variable  Reference to PHP variable containing the value.
     * @param mixed $type      OPTIONAL Datatype of SQL parameter.
     * @param mixed $length    OPTIONAL Length of SQL parameter.
     * @param mixed $options   OPTIONAL Other options.
     * @return bool
     * @throws Zend_Db_Statement_Exception
     */
    protected function _bindParam($parameter, &$variable, $type = null, $length = null, $options = null)
    {
        // default value
        if ($type === NULL) {
            $type = SQLT_CHR;
        }

        // default value
        if ($length === NULL) {
            $length = -1;
        }

        $retval = @oci_bind_by_name($this->_stmt, $parameter, $variable, $length, $type);
        if ($retval === false) {
            /**
             * @see Zend_Db_Adapter_Oracle_Exception
             */
            require_once 'Zend/Db/Statement/Oracle/Exception.php';
            throw new Zend_Db_Statement_Oracle_Exception(oci_error($this->_stmt));
        }

        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Closes the cursor, allowing the statement to be executed again.
     *
     * @return bool
     */
    public function closeCursor()
    {
        if (!$this->_stmt) {
            return false;
        }

        oci_free_statement($this->_stmt);
        $this->_stmt = false;
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the number of columns in the result set.
     * Returns null if the statement has no result set metadata.
     *
     * @return int The number of columns.
     */
    public function columnCount()
    {
        if (!$this->_stmt) {
            return false;
        }

        return oci_num_fields($this->_stmt);
    }


    /**
     * Retrieves the error code, if any, associated with the last operation on
     * the statement handle.
     *
     * @return string error code.
     */
    public function errorCode()
    {
        if (!$this->_stmt) {
            return false;
        }

        $error = oci_error($this->_stmt);

        if (!$error) {
            return false;
        }

        return $error['code'];
    }


    /**
     * Retrieves an array of error information, if any, associated with the
     * last operation on the statement handle.
     *
     * @return array
     */
    public function errorInfo()
    {
        if (!$this->_stmt) {
            return false;
        }

        $error = oci_error($this->_stmt);
        if (!$error) {
            return false;
        }

        if (isset($error['sqltext'])) {
            return array(
                $error['code'],
                $error['message'],
                $error['offset'],
                $error['sqltext'],
            );
        } else {
            return array(
                $error['code'],
                $error['message'],
            );
        }
    }


    /**
     * Executes a prepared statement.
     *
     * @param array $params OPTIONAL Values to bind to parameter placeholders.
     * @return bool
     * @throws Zend_Db_Statement_Exception
     */
    public function _execute(array $params = null)
    {
        $connection = $this->_adapter->getConnection();
        if (!$this->_stmt) {
            return false;
        }

        if (! $this->_stmt) {
            /**
             * @see Zend_Db_Adapter_Oracle_Exception
             */
            require_once 'Zend/Db/Statement/Oracle/Exception.php';
            throw new Zend_Db_Statement_Oracle_Exception(oci_error($connection));
        }

        if ($params !== null) {
            if (!is_array($params)) {
                $params = array($params);
            }
            $error = false;
            foreach (array_keys($params) as $name) {
                if (!@oci_bind_by_name($this->_stmt, $name, $params[$name], -1)) {
                    $error = true;
                    break;
                }
            }
            if ($error) {
                /**
                 * @see Zend_Db_Adapter_Oracle_Exception
                 */
                require_once 'Zend/Db/Statement/Oracle/Exception.php';
                throw new Zend_Db_Statement_Oracle_Exception(oci_error($this->_stmt));
            }
        }

        $retval = @oci_execute($this->_stmt, $this->_adapter->_getExecuteMode());
        if ($retval === false) {
            /**
             * @see Zend_Db_Adapter_Oracle_Exception
             */
            require_once 'Zend/Db/Statement/Oracle/Exception.php';
            throw new Zend_Db_Statement_Oracle_Exception(oci_error($this->_stmt));
        }

        $this->_keys = Array();
        if ($field_num = oci_num_fields($this->_stmt)) {
            for ($i = 1; $i <= $field_num; $i++) {
                $name = oci_field_name($this->_stmt, $i);
                $this->_keys[] = $name;
            }
        }

        $this->_values = Array();
        if ($this->_keys) {
            $this->_values = array_fill(0, count($this->_keys), null);
        }

        return $retval;
    }

    /**
     * Fetches a row from the result set.
     *
     * @param int $style  OPTIONAL Fetch mode for this fetch operation.
     * @param int $cursor OPTIONAL Absolute, relative, or other.
     * @param int $offset OPTIONAL Number for absolute or relative cursors.
     * @return mixed Array, object, or scalar depending on fetch mode.
     * @throws Zend_Db_Statement_Exception
     */
    public function fetch($style = null, $cursor = null, $offset = null)
    {
        if (!$this->_stmt) {
            return false;
        }

        if ($style === null) {
            $style = $this->_fetchMode;
        }

        $lob_as_string = $this->getLobAsString() ? OCI_RETURN_LOBS : 0;

        switch ($style) {
            case Zend_Db::FETCH_NUM:
                $row = oci_fetch_array($this->_stmt, OCI_NUM | $lob_as_string);
                break;
            case Zend_Db::FETCH_ASSOC:
                $row = oci_fetch_array($this->_stmt, OCI_ASSOC | $lob_as_string);
                break;
            case Zend_Db::FETCH_BOTH:
                $row = oci_fetch_array($this->_stmt, OCI_BOTH | $lob_as_string);
                break;
            case Zend_Db::FETCH_OBJ:
                $row = oci_fetch_object($this->_stmt);
                break;
            case Zend_Db::FETCH_BOUND:
                $row = oci_fetch_array($this->_stmt, OCI_BOTH | $lob_as_string);
                if ($row !== false) {
                    return $this->_fetchBound($row);
                }
                break;
            default:
                /**
                 * @see Zend_Db_Adapter_Oracle_Exception
                 */
                require_once 'Zend/Db/Statement/Oracle/Exception.php';
                throw new Zend_Db_Statement_Oracle_Exception(
                    array(
                        'code'    => 'HYC00',
                        'message' => "Invalid fetch mode '$style' specified"
                    )
                );
                break;
        }

        if (! $row && $error = oci_error($this->_stmt)) {
            /**
             * @see Zend_Db_Adapter_Oracle_Exception
             */
            require_once 'Zend/Db/Statement/Oracle/Exception.php';
            throw new Zend_Db_Statement_Oracle_Exception($error);
        }

        return $row;
    }

    /**
     * Returns an array containing all of the result set rows.
     *
     * @param int $style OPTIONAL Fetch mode.
     * @param int $col   OPTIONAL Column number, if fetch mode is by column.
     * @return array Collection of rows, each in a format by the fetch mode.
     * @throws Zend_Db_Statement_Exception
     */
    public function fetchAll($style = null, $col = 0)
    {
        if (!$this->_stmt) {
            return false;
        }

        // make sure we have a fetch mode
        if ($style === null) {
            $style = $this->_fetchMode;
        }

        $flags = OCI_FETCHSTATEMENT_BY_ROW;

        switch ($style) {
            case Zend_Db::FETCH_BOTH:
                /**
                 * @see Zend_Db_Adapter_Oracle_Exception
                 */
                require_once 'Zend/Db/Statement/Oracle/Exception.php';
                throw new Zend_Db_Statement_Oracle_Exception(
                    array(
                        'code'    => 'HYC00',
                        'message' => "OCI8 driver does not support fetchAll(FETCH_BOTH), use fetch() in a loop instead"
                    )
                );
                // notreached
                $flags |= OCI_NUM;
                $flags |= OCI_ASSOC;
                break;
            case Zend_Db::FETCH_NUM:
                $flags |= OCI_NUM;
                break;
            case Zend_Db::FETCH_ASSOC:
                $flags |= OCI_ASSOC;
                break;
            case Zend_Db::FETCH_OBJ:
                break;
            case Zend_Db::FETCH_COLUMN:
                $flags = $flags &~ OCI_FETCHSTATEMENT_BY_ROW;
                $flags |= OCI_FETCHSTATEMENT_BY_COLUMN;
                $flags |= OCI_NUM;
                break;
            default:
                /**
                 * @see Zend_Db_Adapter_Oracle_Exception
                 */
                require_once 'Zend/Db/Statement/Oracle/Exception.php';
                throw new Zend_Db_Statement_Oracle_Exception(
                    array(
                        'code'    => 'HYC00',
                        'message' => "Invalid fetch mode '$style' specified"
                    )
                );
                break;
        }

        $result = Array();
        if ($flags != OCI_FETCHSTATEMENT_BY_ROW) { /* not Zend_Db::FETCH_OBJ */
            if (! ($rows = oci_fetch_all($this->_stmt, $result, 0, -1, $flags) )) {
                if ($error = oci_error($this->_stmt)) {
                    /**
                     * @see Zend_Db_Adapter_Oracle_Exception
                     */
                    require_once 'Zend/Db/Statement/Oracle/Exception.php';
                    throw new Zend_Db_Statement_Oracle_Exception($error);
                }
                if (!$rows) {
                    return array();
                }
            }
            if ($style == Zend_Db::FETCH_COLUMN) {
                $result = $result[$col];
            }
        } else {
            while (($row = oci_fetch_object($this->_stmt)) !== false) {
                $result [] = $row;
            }
            if ($error = oci_error($this->_stmt)) {
                /**
                 * @see Zend_Db_Adapter_Oracle_Exception
                 */
                require_once 'Zend/Db/Statement/Oracle/Exception.php';
                throw new Zend_Db_Statement_Oracle_Exception($error);
            }
        }

        return $result;
    }


    /**
     * Returns a single column from the next row of a result set.
     *
     * @param int $col OPTIONAL Position of the column to fetch.
     * @return string
     * @throws Zend_Db_Statement_Exception
     */
    public function fetchColumn($col = 0)
    {
        if (!$this->_stmt) {
            return false;
        }

        if (!oci_fetch($this->_stmt)) {
            /* TODO ERROR */
        }

        $data = oci_result($this->_stmt, $col+1); //1-based
        if ($data === false) {
            /**
             * @see Zend_Db_Adapter_Oracle_Exception
             */
            require_once 'Zend/Db/Statement/Oracle/Exception.php';
            throw new Zend_Db_Statement_Oracle_Exception(oci_error($this->_stmt));
        }

        if ($this->getLobAsString()) {
            // instanceof doesn't allow '-', we must use a temporary string
            $type = 'OCI-Lob';
            if ($data instanceof $type) {
                $data = $data->read($data->size());
            }
        }

        return $data;
    }

    /**
     * Fetches the next row and returns it as an object.
     *
     * @param string $class  OPTIONAL Name of the class to create.
     * @param array  $config OPTIONAL Constructor arguments for the class.
     * @return mixed One object instance of the specified class.
     * @throws Zend_Db_Statement_Exception
     */
    public function fetchObject($class = 'stdClass', array $config = array())
    {
        if (!$this->_stmt) {
            return false;
        }

        $obj = oci_fetch_object($this->_stmt);

        if ($obj === false) {
            /**
             * @see Zend_Db_Adapter_Oracle_Exception
             */
            require_once 'Zend/Db/Statement/Oracle/Exception.php';
            throw new Zend_Db_Statement_Oracle_Exception(oci_error($this->_stmt));
        }

        /* @todo XXX handle parameters */

        return $obj;
    }

    /**
     * Retrieves the next rowset (result set) for a SQL statement that has
     * multiple result sets.  An example is a stored procedure that returns
     * the results of multiple queries.
     *
     * @return bool
     * @throws Zend_Db_Statement_Exception
     */
    public function nextRowset()
    {
        /**
         * @see Zend_Db_Statement_Oracle_Exception
         */
        require_once 'Zend/Db/Statement/Oracle/Exception.php';
        throw new Zend_Db_Statement_Oracle_Exception(
            array(
                'code'    => 'HYC00',
                'message' => 'Optional feature not implemented'
            )
        );
    }

    /**
     * Returns the number of rows affected by the execution of the
     * last INSERT, DELETE, or UPDATE statement executed by this
     * statement object.
     *
     * @return int     The number of rows affected.
     * @throws Zend_Db_Statement_Exception
     */
    public function rowCount()
    {
        if (!$this->_stmt) {
            return false;
        }

        $num_rows = oci_num_rows($this->_stmt);

        if ($num_rows === false) {
            /**
             * @see Zend_Db_Adapter_Oracle_Exception
             */
            require_once 'Zend/Db/Statement/Oracle/Exception.php';
            throw new Zend_Db_Statement_Oracle_Exception(oci_error($this->_stmt));
        }

        return $num_rows;
    }

}
home/karenpetzb/library/Zend/Db/Adapter/Oracle.php000060400000056711150715622630016045 0ustar00<?php
/**
 * Zend Framework
 *
 * LICENSE
 *
 * This source file is subject to the new BSD license that is bundled
 * with this package in the file LICENSE.txt.
 * It is also available through the world-wide-web at this URL:
 * http://framework.zend.com/license/new-bsd
 * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to
 * obtain it through the world-wide-web, please send an email
 * to license@zend.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
 *
 * @category   Zend
 * @package    Zend_Db
 * @subpackage Adapter
 * @copyright  Copyright (c) 2005-2008 Zend Technologies USA Inc. (http://www.zend.com)
 * @license    http://framework.zend.com/license/new-bsd     New BSD License
 */

/**
 * @see Zend_Loader
 */
require_once 'Zend/Loader.php';

/**
 * @see Zend_Db_Adapter_Abstract
 */
require_once 'Zend/Db/Adapter/Abstract.php';

/**
 * @see Zend_Db_Statement_Oracle
 */
require_once 'Zend/Db/Statement/Oracle.php';

/**
 * @category   Zend
 * @package    Zend_Db
 * @subpackage Adapter
 * @copyright  Copyright (c) 2005-2008 Zend Technologies USA Inc. (http://www.zend.com)
 * @license    http://framework.zend.com/license/new-bsd     New BSD License
 */
class Zend_Db_Adapter_Oracle extends Zend_Db_Adapter_Abstract
{
    /**
     * User-provided configuration.
     *
     * Basic keys are:
     *
     * username => (string) Connect to the database as this username.
     * password => (string) Password associated with the username.
     * dbname   => Either the name of the local Oracle instance, or the
     *             name of the entry in tnsnames.ora to which you want to connect.
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $_config = array(
        'dbname'       => null,
        'username'     => null,
        'password'     => null,
    );

    /**
     * Keys are UPPERCASE SQL datatypes or the constants
     * Zend_Db::INT_TYPE, Zend_Db::BIGINT_TYPE, or Zend_Db::FLOAT_TYPE.
     *
     * Values are:
     * 0 = 32-bit integer
     * 1 = 64-bit integer
     * 2 = float or decimal
     *
     * @var array Associative array of datatypes to values 0, 1, or 2.
     */
    protected $_numericDataTypes = array(
        Zend_Db::INT_TYPE    => Zend_Db::INT_TYPE,
        Zend_Db::BIGINT_TYPE => Zend_Db::BIGINT_TYPE,
        Zend_Db::FLOAT_TYPE  => Zend_Db::FLOAT_TYPE,
        'BINARY_DOUBLE'      => Zend_Db::FLOAT_TYPE,
        'BINARY_FLOAT'       => Zend_Db::FLOAT_TYPE,
        'NUMBER'             => Zend_Db::FLOAT_TYPE,
    );

    /**
     * @var integer
     */
    protected $_execute_mode = OCI_COMMIT_ON_SUCCESS;

    /**
     * Default class name for a DB statement.
     *
     * @var string
     */
    protected $_defaultStmtClass = 'Zend_Db_Statement_Oracle';

    /**
     * Check if LOB field are returned as string
     * instead of OCI-Lob object
     *
     * @var boolean
     */
    protected $_lobAsString = null;

    /**
     * Creates a connection resource.
     *
     * @return void
     * @throws Zend_Db_Adapter_Oracle_Exception
     */
    protected function _connect()
    {
        if (is_resource($this->_connection)) {
            // connection already exists
            return;
        }

        if (!extension_loaded('oci8')) {
            /**
             * @see Zend_Db_Adapter_Oracle_Exception
             */
            require_once 'Zend/Db/Adapter/Oracle/Exception.php';
            throw new Zend_Db_Adapter_Oracle_Exception('The OCI8 extension is required for this adapter but the extension is not loaded');
        }

        if (isset($this->_config['dbname'])) {
            $this->_connection = @oci_connect(
                $this->_config['username'],
                $this->_config['password'],
                $this->_config['dbname']);
        } else {
            $this->_connection = oci_connect(
                $this->_config['username'],
                $this->_config['password']);
        }

        // check the connection
        if (!$this->_connection) {
            /**
             * @see Zend_Db_Adapter_Oracle_Exception
             */
            require_once 'Zend/Db/Adapter/Oracle/Exception.php';
            throw new Zend_Db_Adapter_Oracle_Exception(oci_error());
        }
    }

    /**
     * Test if a connection is active
     *
     * @return boolean
     */
    public function isConnected()
    {
        return ((bool) (is_resource($this->_connection)
                     && get_resource_type($this->_connection) == 'oci8 connection'));
    }

    /**
     * Force the connection to close.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function closeConnection()
    {
        if ($this->isConnected()) {
            oci_close($this->_connection);
        }
        $this->_connection = null;
    }

    /**
     * Activate/deactivate return of LOB as string
     *
     * @param string $lob_as_string
     * @return Zend_Db_Adapter_Oracle
     */
    public function setLobAsString($lobAsString)
    {
        $this->_lobAsString = (bool) $lobAsString;
        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Return whether or not LOB are returned as string
     *
     * @return boolean
     */
    public function getLobAsString()
    {
        if ($this->_lobAsString === null) {
            // if never set by user, we use driver option if it exists otherwise false
            if (isset($this->_config['driver_options']) &&
                isset($this->_config['driver_options']['lob_as_string'])) {
                $this->_lobAsString = (bool) $this->_config['driver_options']['lob_as_string'];
            } else {
                $this->_lobAsString = false;
            }
        }
        return $this->_lobAsString;
    }

    /**
     * Returns an SQL statement for preparation.
     *
     * @param string $sql The SQL statement with placeholders.
     * @return Zend_Db_Statement_Oracle
     */
    public function prepare($sql)
    {
        $this->_connect();
        $stmtClass = $this->_defaultStmtClass;
        Zend_Loader::loadClass($stmtClass);
        $stmt = new $stmtClass($this, $sql);
        if ($stmt instanceof Zend_Db_Statement_Oracle) {
            $stmt->setLobAsString($this->getLobAsString());
        }
        $stmt->setFetchMode($this->_fetchMode);
        return $stmt;
    }

    /**
     * Quote a raw string.
     *
     * @param string $value     Raw string
     * @return string           Quoted string
     */
    protected function _quote($value)
    {
        if (is_int($value) || is_float($value)) {
            return $value;
        }
        $value = str_replace("'", "''", $value);
        return "'" . addcslashes($value, "\000\n\r\\\032") . "'";
    }

    /**
     * Quote a table identifier and alias.
     *
     * @param string|array|Zend_Db_Expr $ident The identifier or expression.
     * @param string $alias An alias for the table.
     * @param boolean $auto If true, heed the AUTO_QUOTE_IDENTIFIERS config option.
     * @return string The quoted identifier and alias.
     */
    public function quoteTableAs($ident, $alias = null, $auto = false)
    {
        // Oracle doesn't allow the 'AS' keyword between the table identifier/expression and alias.
        return $this->_quoteIdentifierAs($ident, $alias, $auto, ' ');
    }

    /**
     * Return the most recent value from the specified sequence in the database.
     * This is supported only on RDBMS brands that support sequences
     * (e.g. Oracle, PostgreSQL, DB2).  Other RDBMS brands return null.
     *
     * @param string $sequenceName
     * @return string
     */
    public function lastSequenceId($sequenceName)
    {
        $this->_connect();
        $sql = 'SELECT '.$this->quoteIdentifier($sequenceName, true).'.CURRVAL FROM dual';
        $value = $this->fetchOne($sql);
        return $value;
    }

    /**
     * Generate a new value from the specified sequence in the database, and return it.
     * This is supported only on RDBMS brands that support sequences
     * (e.g. Oracle, PostgreSQL, DB2).  Other RDBMS brands return null.
     *
     * @param string $sequenceName
     * @return string
     */
    public function nextSequenceId($sequenceName)
    {
        $this->_connect();
        $sql = 'SELECT '.$this->quoteIdentifier($sequenceName, true).'.NEXTVAL FROM dual';
        $value = $this->fetchOne($sql);
        return $value;
    }

    /**
     * Gets the last ID generated automatically by an IDENTITY/AUTOINCREMENT column.
     *
     * As a convention, on RDBMS brands that support sequences
     * (e.g. Oracle, PostgreSQL, DB2), this method forms the name of a sequence
     * from the arguments and returns the last id generated by that sequence.
     * On RDBMS brands that support IDENTITY/AUTOINCREMENT columns, this method
     * returns the last value generated for such a column, and the table name
     * argument is disregarded.
     *
     * Oracle does not support IDENTITY columns, so if the sequence is not
     * specified, this method returns null.
     *
     * @param string $tableName   OPTIONAL Name of table.
     * @param string $primaryKey  OPTIONAL Name of primary key column.
     * @return string
     */
    public function lastInsertId($tableName = null, $primaryKey = null)
    {
        if ($tableName !== null) {
            $sequenceName = $tableName;
            if ($primaryKey) {
                $sequenceName .= "_$primaryKey";
            }
            $sequenceName .= '_seq';
            return $this->lastSequenceId($sequenceName);
        }

        // No support for IDENTITY columns; return null
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * Returns a list of the tables in the database.
     *
     * @return array
     */
    public function listTables()
    {
        $this->_connect();
        $data = $this->fetchCol('SELECT table_name FROM all_tables');
        return $data;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the column descriptions for a table.
     *
     * The return value is an associative array keyed by the column name,
     * as returned by the RDBMS.
     *
     * The value of each array element is an associative array
     * with the following keys:
     *
     * SCHEMA_NAME      => string; name of schema
     * TABLE_NAME       => string;
     * COLUMN_NAME      => string; column name
     * COLUMN_POSITION  => number; ordinal position of column in table
     * DATA_TYPE        => string; SQL datatype name of column
     * DEFAULT          => string; default expression of column, null if none
     * NULLABLE         => boolean; true if column can have nulls
     * LENGTH           => number; length of CHAR/VARCHAR
     * SCALE            => number; scale of NUMERIC/DECIMAL
     * PRECISION        => number; precision of NUMERIC/DECIMAL
     * UNSIGNED         => boolean; unsigned property of an integer type
     * PRIMARY          => boolean; true if column is part of the primary key
     * PRIMARY_POSITION => integer; position of column in primary key
     * IDENTITY         => integer; true if column is auto-generated with unique values
     *
     * @todo Discover integer unsigned property.
     *
     * @param string $tableName
     * @param string $schemaName OPTIONAL
     * @return array
     */
    public function describeTable($tableName, $schemaName = null)
    {
        $version = $this->getServerVersion();
        if (is_null($version) || version_compare($version, '9.0.0', '>=')) {
            $sql = "SELECT TC.TABLE_NAME, TC.OWNER, TC.COLUMN_NAME, TC.DATA_TYPE,
                    TC.DATA_DEFAULT, TC.NULLABLE, TC.COLUMN_ID, TC.DATA_LENGTH,
                    TC.DATA_SCALE, TC.DATA_PRECISION, C.CONSTRAINT_TYPE, CC.POSITION
                FROM ALL_TAB_COLUMNS TC
                LEFT JOIN (ALL_CONS_COLUMNS CC JOIN ALL_CONSTRAINTS C
                    ON (CC.CONSTRAINT_NAME = C.CONSTRAINT_NAME AND CC.TABLE_NAME = C.TABLE_NAME AND C.CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'P'))
                  ON TC.TABLE_NAME = CC.TABLE_NAME AND TC.COLUMN_NAME = CC.COLUMN_NAME
                WHERE UPPER(TC.TABLE_NAME) = UPPER(:TBNAME)";
            $bind[':TBNAME'] = $tableName;
            if ($schemaName) {
                $sql .= ' AND UPPER(TC.OWNER) = UPPER(:SCNAME)';
                $bind[':SCNAME'] = $schemaName;
            }
            $sql .= ' ORDER BY TC.COLUMN_ID';
        } else {
            $subSql="SELECT AC.OWNER, AC.TABLE_NAME, ACC.COLUMN_NAME, AC.CONSTRAINT_TYPE, ACC.POSITION
                from ALL_CONSTRAINTS AC, ALL_CONS_COLUMNS ACC
                  WHERE ACC.CONSTRAINT_NAME = AC.CONSTRAINT_NAME
                    AND ACC.TABLE_NAME = AC.TABLE_NAME
                    AND ACC.OWNER = AC.OWNER
                    AND AC.CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'P'
                    AND UPPER(AC.TABLE_NAME) = UPPER(:TBNAME)";
            $bind[':TBNAME'] = $tableName;
            if ($schemaName) {
                $subSql .= ' AND UPPER(ACC.OWNER) = UPPER(:SCNAME)';
                $bind[':SCNAME'] = $schemaName;
            }
            $sql="SELECT TC.TABLE_NAME, TC.OWNER, TC.COLUMN_NAME, TC.DATA_TYPE,
                    TC.DATA_DEFAULT, TC.NULLABLE, TC.COLUMN_ID, TC.DATA_LENGTH,
                    TC.DATA_SCALE, TC.DATA_PRECISION, CC.CONSTRAINT_TYPE, CC.POSITION
                FROM ALL_TAB_COLUMNS TC, ($subSql) CC
                WHERE UPPER(TC.TABLE_NAME) = UPPER(:TBNAME)
                  AND TC.OWNER = CC.OWNER(+) AND TC.TABLE_NAME = CC.TABLE_NAME(+) AND TC.COLUMN_NAME = CC.COLUMN_NAME(+)";
            if ($schemaName) {
                $sql .= ' AND UPPER(TC.OWNER) = UPPER(:SCNAME)';
            }
            $sql .= ' ORDER BY TC.COLUMN_ID';
        }

        $stmt = $this->query($sql, $bind);

        /**
         * Use FETCH_NUM so we are not dependent on the CASE attribute of the PDO connection
         */
        $result = $stmt->fetchAll(Zend_Db::FETCH_NUM);

        $table_name      = 0;
        $owner           = 1;
        $column_name     = 2;
        $data_type       = 3;
        $data_default    = 4;
        $nullable        = 5;
        $column_id       = 6;
        $data_length     = 7;
        $data_scale      = 8;
        $data_precision  = 9;
        $constraint_type = 10;
        $position        = 11;

        $desc = array();
        foreach ($result as $key => $row) {
            list ($primary, $primaryPosition, $identity) = array(false, null, false);
            if ($row[$constraint_type] == 'P') {
                $primary = true;
                $primaryPosition = $row[$position];
                /**
                 * Oracle does not support auto-increment keys.
                 */
                $identity = false;
            }
            $desc[$this->foldCase($row[$column_name])] = array(
                'SCHEMA_NAME'      => $this->foldCase($row[$owner]),
                'TABLE_NAME'       => $this->foldCase($row[$table_name]),
                'COLUMN_NAME'      => $this->foldCase($row[$column_name]),
                'COLUMN_POSITION'  => $row[$column_id],
                'DATA_TYPE'        => $row[$data_type],
                'DEFAULT'          => $row[$data_default],
                'NULLABLE'         => (bool) ($row[$nullable] == 'Y'),
                'LENGTH'           => $row[$data_length],
                'SCALE'            => $row[$data_scale],
                'PRECISION'        => $row[$data_precision],
                'UNSIGNED'         => null, // @todo
                'PRIMARY'          => $primary,
                'PRIMARY_POSITION' => $primaryPosition,
                'IDENTITY'         => $identity
            );
        }
        return $desc;
    }

    /**
     * Leave autocommit mode and begin a transaction.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    protected function _beginTransaction()
    {
        $this->_setExecuteMode(OCI_DEFAULT);
    }

    /**
     * Commit a transaction and return to autocommit mode.
     *
     * @return void
     * @throws Zend_Db_Adapter_Oracle_Exception
     */
    protected function _commit()
    {
        if (!oci_commit($this->_connection)) {
            /**
             * @see Zend_Db_Adapter_Oracle_Exception
             */
            require_once 'Zend/Db/Adapter/Oracle/Exception.php';
            throw new Zend_Db_Adapter_Oracle_Exception(oci_error($this->_connection));
        }
        $this->_setExecuteMode(OCI_COMMIT_ON_SUCCESS);
    }

    /**
     * Roll back a transaction and return to autocommit mode.
     *
     * @return void
     * @throws Zend_Db_Adapter_Oracle_Exception
     */
    protected function _rollBack()
    {
        if (!oci_rollback($this->_connection)) {
            /**
             * @see Zend_Db_Adapter_Oracle_Exception
             */
            require_once 'Zend/Db/Adapter/Oracle/Exception.php';
            throw new Zend_Db_Adapter_Oracle_Exception(oci_error($this->_connection));
        }
        $this->_setExecuteMode(OCI_COMMIT_ON_SUCCESS);
    }

    /**
     * Set the fetch mode.
     *
     * @todo Support FETCH_CLASS and FETCH_INTO.
     *
     * @param integer $mode A fetch mode.
     * @return void
     * @throws Zend_Db_Adapter_Oracle_Exception
     */
    public function setFetchMode($mode)
    {
        switch ($mode) {
            case Zend_Db::FETCH_NUM:   // seq array
            case Zend_Db::FETCH_ASSOC: // assoc array
            case Zend_Db::FETCH_BOTH:  // seq+assoc array
            case Zend_Db::FETCH_OBJ:   // object
                $this->_fetchMode = $mode;
                break;
            case Zend_Db::FETCH_BOUND: // bound to PHP variable
                /**
                 * @see Zend_Db_Adapter_Oracle_Exception
                 */
                require_once 'Zend/Db/Adapter/Oracle/Exception.php';
                throw new Zend_Db_Adapter_Oracle_Exception('FETCH_BOUND is not supported yet');
                break;
            default:
                /**
                 * @see Zend_Db_Adapter_Oracle_Exception
                 */
                require_once 'Zend/Db/Adapter/Oracle/Exception.php';
                throw new Zend_Db_Adapter_Oracle_Exception("Invalid fetch mode '$mode' specified");
                break;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Adds an adapter-specific LIMIT clause to the SELECT statement.
     *
     * @param string $sql
     * @param integer $count
     * @param integer $offset OPTIONAL
     * @return string
     * @throws Zend_Db_Adapter_Oracle_Exception
     */
    public function limit($sql, $count, $offset = 0)
    {
        $count = intval($count);
        if ($count <= 0) {
            /**
             * @see Zend_Db_Adapter_Oracle_Exception
             */
            require_once 'Zend/Db/Adapter/Oracle/Exception.php';
            throw new Zend_Db_Adapter_Oracle_Exception("LIMIT argument count=$count is not valid");
        }

        $offset = intval($offset);
        if ($offset < 0) {
            /**
             * @see Zend_Db_Adapter_Oracle_Exception
             */
            require_once 'Zend/Db/Adapter/Oracle/Exception.php';
            throw new Zend_Db_Adapter_Oracle_Exception("LIMIT argument offset=$offset is not valid");
        }

        /**
         * Oracle does not implement the LIMIT clause as some RDBMS do.
         * We have to simulate it with subqueries and ROWNUM.
         * Unfortunately because we use the column wildcard "*",
         * this puts an extra column into the query result set.
         */
        $limit_sql = "SELECT z2.*
            FROM (
                SELECT ROWNUM AS zend_db_rownum, z1.*
                FROM (
                    " . $sql . "
                ) z1
            ) z2
            WHERE z2.zend_db_rownum BETWEEN " . ($offset+1) . " AND " . ($offset+$count);
        return $limit_sql;
    }

    /**
     * @param integer $mode
     * @throws Zend_Db_Adapter_Oracle_Exception
     */
    private function _setExecuteMode($mode)
    {
        switch($mode) {
            case OCI_COMMIT_ON_SUCCESS:
            case OCI_DEFAULT:
            case OCI_DESCRIBE_ONLY:
                $this->_execute_mode = $mode;
                break;
            default:
                /**
                 * @see Zend_Db_Adapter_Oracle_Exception
                 */
                require_once 'Zend/Db/Adapter/Oracle/Exception.php';
                throw new Zend_Db_Adapter_Oracle_Exception("Invalid execution mode '$mode' specified");
                break;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @return int
     */
    public function _getExecuteMode()
    {
        return $this->_execute_mode;
    }

    /**
     * Inserts a table row with specified data.
     *
     * Oracle does not support anonymous ('?') binds.
     *
     * @param mixed $table The table to insert data into.
     * @param array $bind Column-value pairs.
     * @return int The number of affected rows.
     */
    public function insert($table, array $bind)
    {
        $i = 0;
        // extract and quote col names from the array keys
        $cols = array();
        $vals = array();
        foreach ($bind as $col => $val) {
            $cols[] = $this->quoteIdentifier($col, true);
            if ($val instanceof Zend_Db_Expr) {
                $vals[] = $val->__toString();
                unset($bind[$col]);
            } else {
                $vals[] = ':'.$col.$i;
                unset($bind[$col]);
                $bind[':'.$col.$i] = $val;
            }
            $i++;
        }

        // build the statement
        $sql = "INSERT INTO "
             . $this->quoteIdentifier($table, true)
             . ' (' . implode(', ', $cols) . ') '
             . 'VALUES (' . implode(', ', $vals) . ')';

        // execute the statement and return the number of affected rows
        $stmt = $this->query($sql, $bind);
        $result = $stmt->rowCount();
        return $result;
    }

    /**
     * Updates table rows with specified data based on a WHERE clause.
     *
     * @param  mixed        $table The table to update.
     * @param  array        $bind  Column-value pairs.
     * @param  array|string $where UPDATE WHERE clause(s).
     * @return int          The number of affected rows.
     */
    public function update($table, array $bind, $where = '')
    {
        $i = 0;
        // build "col = ?" pairs for the statement
        $set = array();
        foreach ($bind as $col => $val) {
            if ($val instanceof Zend_Db_Expr) {
                $val = $val->__toString();
                unset($bind[$col]);
            } else {
                unset($bind[$col]);
                $bind[':'.$col.$i] = $val;
                $val = ':'.$col.$i;
            }
            $set[] = $this->quoteIdentifier($col, true) . ' = ' . $val;
            $i++;
        }

        if (is_array($where)) {
            $where = implode(' AND ', $where);
        }

        // build the statement
        $sql = "UPDATE "
             . $this->quoteIdentifier($table, true)
             . ' SET ' . implode(', ', $set)
             . (($where) ? " WHERE $where" : '');

        // execute the statement and return the number of affected rows
        $stmt = $this->query($sql, $bind);
        $result = $stmt->rowCount();
        return $result;
    }

    /**
     * Check if the adapter supports real SQL parameters.
     *
     * @param string $type 'positional' or 'named'
     * @return bool
     */
    public function supportsParameters($type)
    {
        switch ($type) {
            case 'named':
                return true;
            case 'positional':
            default:
                return false;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Retrieve server version in PHP style
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function getServerVersion()
    {
        $this->_connect();
        $version = oci_server_version($this->_connection);
        if ($version !== false) {
            $matches = null;
            if (preg_match('/((?:[0-9]{1,2}\.){1,3}[0-9]{1,2})/', $version, $matches)) {
                return $matches[1];
            } else {
                return null;
            }
        } else {
            return null;
        }
    }
}